As a sole trader or freelancer, it’s crucial to understand your basic allowable expenses—even if you’re paying an accountant to help with your tax return. You can claim tax back on some of the costs of running your business—what HMRC calls allowable expenses. These appear as costs in your business accounts deducted from the profit you pay tax on.
Expenses can reduce the average sole trader’s tax bill—often significantly.
For example, if your turnover is £80,000 and you claim £20,000 in allowable expenses, you only pay tax on the remaining £60,000—a substantial saving.
You can also use simplified expenses. These flat rates allow you to quickly calculate tax relief on vehicles, working from home and living on your business premises. It can make working your expenses significantly easier.
On the Gov.uk website, you can find the most common expenses you can claim for self-employed and the most common expenses you can claim for if you rent out a property.
Self-employed allowable expenses list
Below, we cover some of the things you can claim for. To reiterate, we assume you’re using cash basis accounting, as the rules for traditional accounting can be slightly different. You can add these figures to your Self Assessment tax return.
Office equipment and tools
You can claim expenses for business equipment such as laptops, PCs, printers, and computer software that your business has used for less than two years. You can’t claim tax back on small tools.
Stationery and communications
As well as the usual paper, envelopes and pens, you can also claim back tax on postage and printing, including the costs of printer ink and cartridges you use as part of your business. With more businesses now trading online, this allowance also applies to electronic communications – so you can claim tax back on your business phone, mobile and internet bills.
Phone and internet
If you use your phone, mobile and internet for personal and business use, you’ll need to demonstrate a realistic way of dividing the costs and can only claim tax back on the part for business use. You can’t claim any tax back if you can’t show this.
Professional and financial services
If you get advice from an accountant, lawyer or other professional as part of your business, you can claim tax back on their fees. You can also claim allowable expenses for hiring surveyors and architects for your business—not for personal home improvements.
If you have a business bank account, you can claim tax relief on bank, overdraft and credit card charges or interest on business loans. You can also claim tax back on hire purchase, lease, or other financial payments for equipment you use in your business.
Staff and employee costs
You can claim tax relief on employee and staff salaries, bonuses, pensions, benefits, staff and employee costs, agency fees, subcontractors, and employer’s National Insurance contributions.
Travel costs
You can claim allowable expenses if you need to travel for business, including train, bus, taxi, airfares, and accommodation costs. But these only apply if the primary reason for your journey or stay was for business.
If you take a trip that combines business and pleasure, you can only claim tax relief on costs you can show are separate from the private part of your journey. If you can’t split up the costs, you can’t claim tax relief on any part.
Car and vehicle costs
If you use a vehicle as part of your business, you can claim tax relief for expenses such as petrol, insurance, and repairs.
Mileage allowance
As a self-employed person, you can add up all your motor expenses for the year and work out the separate business element of the total cost. However, keeping track and working this out takes time and effort.
Instead, you can claim mileage allowance, a simplified expense that lets you calculate the costs of running your vehicle. Other vehicle-related areas you can claim expenses on include:
- Congestion and low-emission zone charges
- Parking
- Breakdown cover
- Hire charges.
Again, tax relief only applies to these if they are business rather than private expenses. You can’t claim tax back on parking fines or other fines incurred while driving. There’s no tax relief for breaking the law.
Food and clothing
Everybody needs food and clothing, but claiming for them on expenses depends on what you’re using them for.
Clothing
Generally, you can’t claim for clothing if you’d wear it as part of an everyday wardrobe. So, even if you’ve bought a suit for work, you can’t claim for its cost. But, if you must buy a uniform that identifies what you do or needs special protective clothing to do your job, you can claim for that.
You can’t claim for non-uniform items such as shoes and socks. If you’re an entertainer, and the clothes you’re buying are a costume for a stage, TV or film performance, then you can claim tax relief on those.
Clowns, magicians, acrobats and Elvis impersonators – we bet HMRC enjoys reading your clothing claims!
Laundry
If you wear a uniform or special protective clothing, you can claim expenses if you wash, repair, or replace it.
Food
You can only claim money back on food and drink if it’s a business expense, meaning it must be outside your usual working routine, such as a business trip.
Stock and materials
You can claim tax back on the following:
- Items that you resell, such as stock
- Raw materials that you use to make goods for sale
- Direct costs from producing goods.
Marketing and advertising
You can claim tax back on the costs of advertising and marketing your business, including costs for hosting and maintaining your company website.
But beware, you may think that treating a customer or supplier to lunch is ‘marketing’, but HMRC considers it as ‘entertaining’, which you can’t claim tax back for.
If you’re a member of a professional trade body or organisation as part of your business, you can claim tax relief on your membership fees. Subscriptions to trade or professional journals are also allowable expenses, so claim for those.
Pension contributions
Contributions to your pension are not a business expense, so they don’t affect your self-employed profits. However, you are eligible for tax relief on any contributions you make, which you can claim on your tax return.
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If you need help with your Self Assessment and tax return, get in touch today – email help@elsbyandco.co.uk